Introduction In November 2025, the Government of India brought the four labour codes into force the Code on Wages, 2019, the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, the Code on Social Security, 2020, and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020. This step consolidated 29 central labour statutes into a single legislative framework. That was…
Digital Welfare Reform in India: Smart Cards, BOCW Compliance, and the Future of Construction Labour
- 2026-04-27
Introduction The construction sector in India is among the largest employers, engaging a significant number of workers, most of whom operate within the informal economy. Despite their critical role in infrastructure development, access to welfare benefits has remained inconsistent due to high mobility, lack of formal documentation, and fragmented registration systems. While statutory mechanisms under…
