Privacy as a “Non-Price Factor” – Decoding the NCLAT’s Findings in the WhatsApp Case
- November 19, 2025
INTRODUCTION The price, output, and quality are three primary parameters that competition law has traditionally focused on. The advent of zero price digital services, however, has changed this classical framework. Consumers in the digital economy do not use money to obtain anything, but rather their personal data, which serves as the business model for online…