Introduction The Central Government has notified the Employees’ Provident Fund (“EPF”) Scheme, 2026, replacing the Employees’ Provident Fund Scheme, 1952, which had governed retirement savings in India for nearly seven decades. Framed under the Code on Social Security, 2020, the new scheme touches close to seven crore active EPFO subscribers and, within days of its…
Introduction Urban landscapes in India are undergoing rapid transformation. Urbanization in India is accelerating rapidly, driven by digital transformation, platform-based economies, and the increasing prevalence of app-based work. Urban development is no longer shaped solely by traditional planners or government authorities. Traditional jobs are not the only thing driving how cities look or work. Gig…
Introduction The rapid proliferation of app-based platforms such as Uber, Ola, Zomato, Swiggy, and Blinkit has fundamentally altered the character of employment in India. Millions of delivery executives and cab drivers who power these platforms have, for long, existed in a legal grey zone rendering services that are indispensable to urban consumers, yet denied the…
Introduction The interpretation of the term “industry” has continued to be one of the most controversial issues in the jurisprudence of Indian labour law. In fact, the interpretation of this term has a direct impact on the extent to which the provisions of labour law are applicable. In the latest developments in this area, a…
Introduction Gig economy is selling a good narrative. You can work when you please, log in ad be your own boss. Such actors as ride-hailing drivers, food delivery partners, and warehouse pickers are recurrently referred to as independent participants who exercise flexibility and choice. However, lurking in the background of this language of autonomy is…
Introduction The framework governing industrial employment is undergoing a fundamental structural change. As we move through 2026, the traditional reliance on certified Standing Orders is being steadily replaced by individualized, private contracts. This transition signifies a deeper shift in the legal philosophy of the employer-employee relationship, a move away from state-mandated “status” toward private “contract.”…
Introduction For a long time, the Mergers and Acquisitions (“M&A”) landscape in India functioned under a scattered legal regime, with compliance spread across 29 distinct central labour laws. Each statute had its own definitions, registration requirements, and compliance standards. This created uncertainty during transactions, as labour-related liabilities would surface late in the deal process. As…
INTRODUCTION India has taken an important step in reshaping its labour law system by bringing four new labour codes into force. These include the Code on Wages 2019, the Industrial Relations Code 2020, the Code on Social Security 2020 and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020. This reform matters because earlier labour…
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