Background Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited, a State owned electricity distribution utility, floated a tender on 11 August 2021 for civil and interior works relating to 134 CFC centres across Maharashtra. R. Z. Malpani, a partnership firm engaged in civil construction, participated in the tender process and submitted the required earnest money and security…
Protecting Taxpayer Rights: Understanding “Reason to Believe” in GST Search and Seizure The Hon’ble Bombay High Court HC ruling in Smruti Waghdhare v. Joint Director, DGGI (W.P. 839 of 2025, decided March 10, 2026), serves as an excellent example of how the courts are trying to maintain the rule of law and that fiscal authorities…
Introduction The rapid proliferation of app-based platforms such as Uber, Ola, Zomato, Swiggy, and Blinkit has fundamentally altered the character of employment in India. Millions of delivery executives and cab drivers who power these platforms have, for long, existed in a legal grey zone rendering services that are indispensable to urban consumers, yet denied the…
Introduction Tokenization of Real-World Assets (RWAs) blends traditional asset classes with blockchain technology to provide a disruptive innovation within the modern financial world. RWA tokenization involves utilizing blockchain-based digital tokens to symbolically represent ownership in tangible (e.g., properties) or intangible (e.g. intellectual property) managed assets. Deemed as verifiable, secure units of economic ownership, these tokens…
Introduction On March 31, 2026, the Ministry of Finance released notification No. 11/2026-Customs dated 31st March 2026 (hereinafter referred to as the “Notification”) under Section 25 of the Customs Act, 1962 and it came into effect on April 1, 2026. The notification addresses a critical point of law that frequently invites ambiguity: the tax treatment…
Introduction Financial decision making in India is witnessing a significant shift in its landscape. What used to be dominated by financial institutions, financial advisors, and word of mouth is now largely dominated by trends and opinions created through short-form videos and social media platforms like Instagram and YouTube, which have now moved from simply being…
Brief Facts The appellants Nagaraj V. Mylandla and Sharada Mylandla are promoters and directors of Financial Software and Systems Private Limited. The respondents were PI Opportunities Fund I, Millenna FVCI Limited, NYLIM Jacob Ballas India (FVCI) III LLC, NYLIM Jacob Ballas India Fund III LLC, and other investor parties, collectively referred to as the Investors….
Introduction A Show Cause Notice (“SCN”) under the Goods and Services Tax (“GST”) marks the beginning of adjudicatory proceedings against a taxpayer. As such, it is important that any Show Cause Notices comply with fairness, clarity and statutory compliance. The Kerala High Court’s ruling in the matter of Kerala State Self-financing B. Pharm College Management…
Introduction The interpretation of the term “industry” has continued to be one of the most controversial issues in the jurisprudence of Indian labour law. In fact, the interpretation of this term has a direct impact on the extent to which the provisions of labour law are applicable. In the latest developments in this area, a…
Introduction India’s fintech landscape has undergone a seismic shift, propelled by the widespread adoption of UPI platforms, neobanks, and digital lending solutions. In this evolving ecosystem, customers expect support that is not only prompt but also intelligent and tailored to their individual needs. AI agents are at the forefront of this transformation, enabling users to…
Introduction The tax administration system in India is on the cusp of a revolution with the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) in the governance mechanism in the country. India has always been plagued by problems like a low tax to Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”) ratio and tax evasion. Despite several reforms, the tax base in…
Introduction While the concept of motherhood has traditionally been understood in biological terms, an important and socially relevant decision in the matter of Hamsaanandini Nanduri v. Union of India, Writ Petition (Civil) No. 960/2021, decided on 17-3-2026, the Supreme Court has held that the concept of motherhood is not restricted to biology alone. By holding…
On 2 March in CIO and 5 March in Computerworld, I outlined how the Anthropic & OpenAI–DoD clash would unfold. Anthropic’s latest filing in the Northern District of California follows exactly the framework I predicted, confirming that analysis. Further, this is no longer a policy debate rather it is a constitutional test of whether the…
Introduction For decades, the “holy grail” of fintech was frictionless commerce. We moved from the tactile exchange of paper bills to the swipe of a card, then to the “one-click” checkout, and finally to the invisible convenience of digital wallets and biometric taps. Each step reduced the distance between wanting something and owning it. As…
Background and Facts The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) engaged R.V. Anderson Associates Ltd. for a World Bank-funded sewerage consultancy project. Following a dispute over outstanding dues, the Respondent invoked arbitration on August 9, 2005, and nominated its arbitrator. MCGM subsequently appointed Mr. Sharad Upasani as its nominee on October 7, 2005. The parties…
Introduction The ongoing massive use of personal data drives the present-day digital economy. Every online transaction, whether using a mobile application, registering for a service, or making a digital payment, generates data that businesses analyse and process for a variety of uses. Although people typically give their information to a specific platform, the information rarely…
Introduction The continue raising problem of the GST rules has led to several disputes concerning procedural compliance and the allocation of Input Tax Credit (ITC). One such important case involved Reliance Jio Infocom Ltd v. Union of India & Ors. before the Hon’ble Madras High Court, under Writ Petition No. 27038 of 2025 wherein the…
Introduction Gig economy is selling a good narrative. You can work when you please, log in ad be your own boss. Such actors as ride-hailing drivers, food delivery partners, and warehouse pickers are recurrently referred to as independent participants who exercise flexibility and choice. However, lurking in the background of this language of autonomy is…
Introduction The Indian Fintech ecosystem is currently ranked third in the world in terms of size and is a digital phenomenon that has revolutionized how a billion people spend, save, and borrow. Yet with rapid growth and progress come systemic risks and data breaches. In May 2024, RBI finalized the framework for recognizing Self-Regulatory Organisations…
Factual Background On January 27, 2011, the Union of India and the North Central Railway Administration executed a turnkey contract with Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) to modernize the Jhansi Workshop for a negotiated value of Rs. 93,08,07,696. The parties set an original completion date of July 18, 2012, but the railway administration extended this…
You clicked “I Agree” on a quick commerce app. That was 5 months ago. Since then, the AI has figured out you are likely pregnant. Probably diabetic. Financially stretched every third week of the month. You never consented to any of that. You consented to delivery. This is what I call “Agentic Consent Collapse” It…
Introduction In the evolving corporate environment, the transition from static software to dynamic AI agents is basically reshaping how business is conducted. No more confined to simple “if-then” logic, AI-driven automation is now powering sophisticated operations across several sectors. In customer service, intelligent agents handle complex inquiries and process refunds in real time, they conduct…
Introduction The Nagpur Bench of the Bombay High Court in Writ Petition No. 1257 of 2026, dated 27 February 2026, in the case of M/s. Hindustan Equipment Craft v. Assistant Commissioner of State Tax & Ors., held that the assignment of long-term leasehold rights in an industrial plot is essentially a transfer of benefits arising…
Introduction The transition from a “daylight only” to a 24/7 economy is not just about business growth but about gender equality and creating a workplace that works for everyone. For decades, women have been held back in their careers because of outdated provisions in the Factories Act of 1948. However, India is witnessing a historic…
Introduction The Karnataka High Court, in Writ Petition No. 22068 of 2024 (T-RES), decided on 12th December,2025, in the case of South Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. V. Union of India & Ors., held that refund of accumulated Input Tax Credit under Section 54 (3)(ii) of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 (hereinafter referred…
Factual Background In ongoing arbitral proceedings between Viva Highways Ltd (appellant) and MPRDC (respondent), the High Court of Madhya Pradesh, relying on Mohan Lal Fatehpuria (2025 INSC 1409), terminated the existing arbitrator’s mandate and directed the parties to propose a new arbitrator. Viva Highways challenged this interim order before the Supreme Court. Issues Whether, upon…
Introduction Social platforms designed for interaction between autonomous Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) agents present a new category of legal and technical risk. Unlike conventional platforms where user conduct is the primary source of exposure, AI-agent environments involve automated generation, storage, and exchange of data without continuous human oversight. This increases the likelihood that technical misconfigurations may…
Introduction The challenge before SC centres on Section 44(3) of the DPDP Act, which amends Section 8(1)(j) of the Right to Information Act. While Section 8(1)(j) previously permitted disclosure of personal information in cases of larger public interest, the amendment under the DPDP Act now effectively bars such disclosure. We are moving away from “discretionary…
Introduction The Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime in India incorporates Section 171 of the Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) Act, 2017, which mandates that any reduction in the tax rate or the benefit of Input Tax Credit must be passed on to the recipient by way of a commensurate reduction in prices. Organizations…
Introduction The framework governing industrial employment is undergoing a fundamental structural change. As we move through 2026, the traditional reliance on certified Standing Orders is being steadily replaced by individualized, private contracts. This transition signifies a deeper shift in the legal philosophy of the employer-employee relationship, a move away from state-mandated “status” toward private “contract.”…
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