INTRODUCTION India’s e-commerce industry is undergoing rapid and significant expansion. With widespread internet access and the normalisation of digital payments, online retail has evolved from a mere convenience to an essential service. The sector is expected to cross USD 350 billion by 2030, establishing it as a central pillar of the nation’s digital economy. However, this…
INTRODUCTION Artificial Intelligence (“AI“) chatbots are becoming integral to our everyday lives as educational resources and even psychological aides. Their design and conversational mechanisms attract the young and adolescent demographic, who are looking for help and communication in the digital world. The recent lawsuit filed by the parents of a teenager against OpenAI, alleging that…
The Paradigm Shatter: Understanding India’s Negative List Breakthrough Every major data protection framework from GDPR to China’s Cybersecurity Law operates on a restrictive foundation. Likewise, under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act,2023(DPDPA), the data of “Data Principal”( Subject Data in GDPR) cannot cross borders unless specific conditions are met. The European Union’s “adequacy decisions”…
INTRODUCTION In the modern-day economy, data is no longer an afterthought of a business, it has become an invaluable resource. It is the currency that drives commerce, innovation, and consumer confidence. In this regard, the question of where data should reside is polarizing governments, businesses, and consumer trust. The increasing number of cyber threats, evolving…
INTRODUCTION In the digital era, the term data has evolved for businesses spread across various economic sectors. The rise of e-commerce, fintech, and digital startups has led to massive personal data collection, making privacy a central concern. In a landmark step and paramount legislation, Indian legislators have passed the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (hereinafter…
In the case of PhonePe Private Limited v. State of Karnataka & Ors. (W.P. No. 3757 of 2023), (GM-Police), pronounced on 29 April 2025, the Hon’ble Karnataka High Court (“HC”) was confronted with a critical question at the intersection of fintech regulation, privacy, and police investigative powers. BACKGROUND: THE REGULATORY FLASHPOINT PhonePe Private Limited…
INTRODUCTION The digitalization of workplaces has been one of the most profound advancements of the 21st century. As remote work, cloud infrastructure, instant messaging platforms, and employee productivity tools gain popularity, organizations now operate in highly networked environments. While this digitization enhances flexibility and scalability, it has also enabled extensive workplace surveillance. Increasingly, employers are…
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