INTRODUCTION In October 2025, the Ministry of Labour & Employment, Government of India, unveiled the draft National Labour and Employment Policy, popularly known as Shram Shakti Niti 2025. This landmark policy represents a transformative milestone in India’s labour governance framework, aiming to shift from a predominantly regulatory and enforcement model to a facilitative, inclusive, and…
INTRODUCTION The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “EPFO”), responsible for safeguarding the retirement savings of over 27 crore members across India, has launched a transformative digital initiative to modernize its account setup and verification process. Beginning August 1, 2025, EPFO mandates that every new Universal Account Number (hereinafter referred to as “UAN”)…
INTRODUCTION India’s social security regime has entered a period of accelerated change. The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “EPFO”), one of the largest social security institutions in the world, now operates under the framework of the Social Security Code, 2020. While the Code consolidates the earlier Employees’ Provident Fund (hereinafter referred to…
INTRODUCTION In India’s rapidly expanding economy, Artificial Intelligence (hereinafter referred to as “AI”), automation and digitalization are transforming industries faster than any time in history. Employees can no longer just rely on a single set of skills to sustain them for a lifetime. They will now need to continuously re-skill and upskill to obtain skills…
Introduction In India, wage-related laws have historically been complex and varied across sectors, which often created confusion for both employers and employees. To address this, the Government of India introduced the Code on Wages, 2019, a landmark legislation consolidating and harmonizing four major labour laws related to wages, bonuses, minimum wages, and equal remuneration…
INTRODUCTION India’s labour law landscape has long been characterized by a complex and fragmented array of regulations. With over 40 central labour laws and numerous state-specific enactments, navigating compliance has been a significant challenge for employers and employees alike. Recognizing the need for simplification, modernization, and better protection for workers, the Government of India undertook…
INTRODUCTION The gender pay gap continues to be a prominent challenge in India’s labor market, reflecting disparities in remuneration not only for comparable work but also across roles, seniority levels, sectors, and career trajectories. These gaps are influenced by a combination of systemic factors such as occupational segregation, differences in access to leadership roles, interruptions…
The Hon’ble High Court of Telangana, in the case of Air India v. Appellate Authority & Others, Writ Petition No. 6479 of 2019 decided on 07.07.2025, held that a principal employer cannot escape liability for gratuity payments merely by labeling the arrangement as a works contract. FACTS Air India (hereinafter referred to as “the Petitioner”)…
The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, in the case of Daivshala & Ors. v. Oriental Insurance Company Ltd. & Anr., Civil Appeal Numbers 6986 of 2015 decided on 28.07.2025, enforced that an accident occurring to an employee while commuting from his residence to the place of employment or vice versa, is covered under the Employees’…
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