INTRODUCTION When the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “EPFO”) announced its August 2025 changes, many people assumed it was just another procedural tweak. A small fix here, a portal update there. But the changes go much deeper. They reshape the way workers tap into their own Provident Fund (hereinafter referred to as…
The Hon’ble Delhi High Court, in the case of SpiceJet Limited v. Union of India and LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India, Writ Petition Numbers 2941 of 2012, decided on 04.11.2025, upheld the validity of the 2008 and 2010 Notifications introducing Paragraph 83 into the Employees’ Provident Fund Scheme, 1952 (hereinafter referred…
With the implementation of the four Labour Codes, all employment contracts and engagement agreements must now be realigned as follows: Mandatory Formalization Appointment letters mandatory for all employees, safety measures. in prescribed format. Must clearly capture designation, wages and benefits 2. Standardised Wage Structure Uniform definition of “Wages” applies. 50% Rule: Allowances cannot exceed 50%…
INTRODUCTION India has taken an important step in reshaping its labour law system by bringing four new labour codes into force. These include the Code on Wages 2019, the Industrial Relations Code 2020, the Code on Social Security 2020 and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020. This reform matters because earlier labour…
The Hon’ble Supreme Court, in the case of General Manager, U.P. Cooperative Bank Limited. vs. Achchey Lal & Anr., Civil Appeal Numbers 2974 of 2016, decided on 11.09.2025, clarified the legal principles governing the determination of an employer-employee relationship where workers are engaged through an intermediary, in this case, a registered employees’ cooperative society running…
The Delhi High Court, in the case of Abhijit Mishra v. Wipro Limited, Civil Suit (OS) Number 31 of 2021, decided on 14.07.2025, addressed the extent to which employers can exercise their contractual termination rights without violating an employee’s right to reputation. The Court held that while the Defendant was entitled to terminate the employment…
INTRODUCTION The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (hereinafter referred to as the “Ministry“) issued a notification on September 3, 2025. This notification amends the Apprenticeship Rules, 1992 (hereinafter referred to as the “Apprenticeship Rules“) through the Apprenticeship (Amendment) Rules, 2025 (hereinafter referred to as the “Amendment Rules“). This reform represents a significant policy intervention…
INTRODUCTION The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (hereinafter referred to as the “Gratuity Act”) stands as a significant legislative measure in India aimed at providing financial security to employees as a gesture of gratitude for their long and continuous service with an organization. Gratuity is a statutory benefit, typically granted to employees who have completed…
The High Court of Karnataka, in the case of Employees’ State Insurance Corporation v. M/s Bhima & Brothers Jewellers, Miscellaneous First Appeal No. 6576 of 2015, decided on 02.07.2025, examined the scope of “wages” under Section 2(22) of the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 (hereinafter referred to as “ESI Act”) and clarified whether components such…
INTRODUCTION In October 2025, the Ministry of Labour & Employment, Government of India, unveiled the draft National Labour and Employment Policy, popularly known as Shram Shakti Niti 2025. This landmark policy represents a transformative milestone in India’s labour governance framework, aiming to shift from a predominantly regulatory and enforcement model to a facilitative, inclusive, and…
INTRODUCTION The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “EPFO”), responsible for safeguarding the retirement savings of over 27 crore members across India, has launched a transformative digital initiative to modernize its account setup and verification process. Beginning August 1, 2025, EPFO mandates that every new Universal Account Number (hereinafter referred to as “UAN”)…
INTRODUCTION India’s social security regime has entered a period of accelerated change. The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “EPFO”), one of the largest social security institutions in the world, now operates under the framework of the Social Security Code, 2020. While the Code consolidates the earlier Employees’ Provident Fund (hereinafter referred to…
INTRODUCTION In India’s rapidly expanding economy, Artificial Intelligence (hereinafter referred to as “AI”), automation and digitalization are transforming industries faster than any time in history. Employees can no longer just rely on a single set of skills to sustain them for a lifetime. They will now need to continuously re-skill and upskill to obtain skills…
Introduction In India, wage-related laws have historically been complex and varied across sectors, which often created confusion for both employers and employees. To address this, the Government of India introduced the Code on Wages, 2019, a landmark legislation consolidating and harmonizing four major labour laws related to wages, bonuses, minimum wages, and equal remuneration…
INTRODUCTION India’s labour law landscape has long been characterized by a complex and fragmented array of regulations. With over 40 central labour laws and numerous state-specific enactments, navigating compliance has been a significant challenge for employers and employees alike. Recognizing the need for simplification, modernization, and better protection for workers, the Government of India undertook…
INTRODUCTION The gender pay gap continues to be a prominent challenge in India’s labor market, reflecting disparities in remuneration not only for comparable work but also across roles, seniority levels, sectors, and career trajectories. These gaps are influenced by a combination of systemic factors such as occupational segregation, differences in access to leadership roles, interruptions…
The Hon’ble High Court of Telangana, in the case of Air India v. Appellate Authority & Others, Writ Petition No. 6479 of 2019 decided on 07.07.2025, held that a principal employer cannot escape liability for gratuity payments merely by labeling the arrangement as a works contract. FACTS Air India (hereinafter referred to as “the Petitioner”)…
The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, in the case of Daivshala & Ors. v. Oriental Insurance Company Ltd. & Anr., Civil Appeal Numbers 6986 of 2015 decided on 28.07.2025, enforced that an accident occurring to an employee while commuting from his residence to the place of employment or vice versa, is covered under the Employees’…
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