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Applicability of RBI Regulations in FinTech’s Integration of Robo-Advisory

September 26, 2025

INTRODUCTION India’s financial services sector has undergone a remarkable digital transformation over the past decade, driven by rapid fintech innovation, the rise of mobile-first banking, and increasing adoption of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”). One of the most visible outcomes of this shift is the emergence of robo-advisory platforms. They are algorithm-driven services that provide automated, data-based…

Privacy Compliance for School and University Student Records: From Collection to Expunction

September 25, 2025

Introduction In an administrative framework, student records once served as an instrument in facilitating and ensuring institutional formalities. In contrast, they have now become a crucial part of institutional governance. Hence, their management and protection under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (“DPDP Act”), 2023, as well as under the existing framework of the Information…

Furnishing of Security can be directed under Section 37 appeal

September 25, 2025

Beevee Enterprises & Ors. v. L & T Finance Limited Court – Calcutta High Court Citation – APOT 208 OF 2025 IA NO. GA 1 OF 2025 Date – 11.09.2025 The Hon’ble Calcutta High Court has held that a party can be directed to furnish security under Section 37 appeal, for the loan as per…

Understanding the Role of Antitrust Laws in M&A Deals

September 24, 2025

Introduction Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are pivotal strategies that companies employ to expand their market presence, improve operational efficiencies, and enhance shareholder value. These transactions can reshape entire industries by combining resources, technology, and customer bases. However, while M&A offers significant business opportunities, it also raises concerns about market competition. Antitrust laws, also known as…

Consent-Or-Pay Model: Choice Or Coercion?

September 24, 2025

Introduction In recent years, a new monetization strategy has emerged in digital services: the “consent-or-pay” model. Under this approach, users of a platform are given a binary choice: either agree to pervasive data collection and personalized advertising (consent) or pay a fee for an ad-free experience. One recent example of this model is Meta’s “pay-or-consent”…

Building Audit-Ready Consent Systems for Healthcare

September 23, 2025

INTRODUCTION Consent in healthcare is no longer a matter of routine paperwork. It has become a statutory and governance obligation under India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (“DPDP Act”), the National Digital Health Mission (“NDHM”), and the oversight of ethical guidelines in medical practice. Hospitals and clinics are data fiduciaries. They carry a direct…

Synthetic Identity Fraud: The Silent Threat to Digital Lending

September 19, 2025

Introduction Digital lending makes borrowing fast and easy, but it also creates a new target for criminals: synthetic identity fraud (SIF). Unlike old-school fraud, which uses someone else’s name or credentials, SIF builds fake, but realistic, identities from bits and pieces of real and made-up data. These synthetic “people” can get loans, credit cards, and benefits, racking up huge losses before anyone spots the deception. What is SIF? Synthetic Identity Fraud occurs when criminals…

Key Clauses In M&A Agreements That Organizations Overlook

September 19, 2025

INTRODUCTION Mergers and acquisitions are complex transactions that require meticulously drafted agreements to govern the relationship between the buyer, the seller, and other stakeholders. The M&A agreement not only sets out the commercial terms such as purchase price but also lays down the detailed legal framework that allocates risks, responsibilities, and protections. Its primary purpose…

Writ Court Should Interfere with Arbitration Procedure Only in Exceptional Cases

September 18, 2025

Gujarat Power Corporation Limited v. Tata Power Renewable Energy Limited Court – Gujarat High Court Citation – R/Special Civil Application No. 6910 of 2025 Date – 11.09.2025 The Hon’ble Gujarat High Court has held that a Writ Court should only interfere with procedural order of arbitral proceedings under rarest of rare circumstances or if the…

Data Privacy Safeguards for Manufacturing Sector Post-DPDPA

September 17, 2025

Introduction The rapid integration of the Internet of Things (“IoT”) into India’s manufacturing sector has transformed supply chain operations. IoT-enabled sensors, Radio-Frequency Identification (“RFID”) tags, and connected logistics systems now support real-time inventory management, predictive maintenance, and optimised delivery processes. This digital infrastructure has enhanced efficiency and competitiveness, but it has also introduced significant vulnerabilities…

Protecting IP Assets in a Merger or Acquisition

September 17, 2025

Introduction India’s startup ecosystem has reached new heights with unprecedented venture capital inflows and a growing appetite for mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Many founders cherish the unique moment a startup is acquired, whether by a strategic investor, a tech behemoth, or a private equity fund. When a buyer comes to the table, they are not…

Impact Of Technical Glitch On Proceedural Fairness In GST

September 16, 2025

The Delhi High Court, in the landmark case of National Aluminium Company Limited v. Commissioner of Delhi Goods and Services Tax & Ors., W.P.(C) 13798/2025 & CM Appl. 56612/2025, decided on 9th September 2025, addressed critical issues of procedural fairness in the adjudication of GST demands complicated by digital infrastructure challenges. The Petitioner, a Public…

E- Commerce’s Privacy Hurdles: From Fraud to Trust Deficit

September 16, 2025

INTRODUCTION India’s e-commerce industry is undergoing rapid and significant expansion. With widespread internet access and the normalisation of digital payments, online retail has evolved from a mere convenience to an essential service. The sector is expected to cross USD 350 billion by 2030, establishing it as a central pillar of the nation’s digital economy. However, this…

Enforceability of Exclusive Jurisdiction Clauses in Employment Agreements

September 15, 2025

The Supreme Court, in the case of Rakesh Kumar Verma v. HDFC Bank Ltd., Civil Appeal No. 2282 of 2025, decided on 08.04.2025, upheld the validity of exclusive jurisdiction clauses in private employment contracts, making it mandatory for disputes to be filed only in the courts specifically agreed upon by the parties. FACTS HDFC Bank Ltd….

Pre-Packaged Insolvency Resolution Process (PIRP) for MSMEs

August 26, 2025

Introduction Financial distress experienced by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India is often not an indication of fundamental business weaknesses but rather the result of external shocks like delayed payments, supply chain disruptions, or working capital gaps. Traditional insolvency proceedings under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) have proven to be costly, time-consuming,…

The 2025 Online Gaming Bill Explained

August 22, 2025

INTRODUCTION The online gaming industry in India is growing at an unprecedented rate. It fulfills the criteria of a very dynamic branch of the digital economy. Affordable smartphones, cheap data plans, and youth with technology knowledge have converted casual plays into a full-fledged industry. Real-money platforms such as fantasy sports, poker, rummy, and other skillful…

Workplace Surveillance in a Digital Age

August 6, 2025

INTRODUCTION The digitalization of workplaces has been one of the most profound advancements of the 21st century. As remote work, cloud infrastructure, instant messaging platforms, and employee productivity tools gain popularity, organizations now operate in highly networked environments. While this digitization enhances flexibility and scalability, it has also enabled extensive workplace surveillance. Increasingly, employers are…

Faceless GST Adjudication on Pilot in Kerala

August 3, 2025

Kerala GST Department Launches Faceless Adjudication System: A Game-Changer in Tax Administration The Kerala State Goods and Services Tax (SGST) Department has introduced a faceless adjudication system, marking a significant milestone in the state’s efforts to modernize tax administration. This initiative, which officially began on August 1, 2025, is aimed at enhancing transparency, efficiency, and fairness in…

No Recovery During Appeal under Section 107(7)

July 30, 2025

Britannia Industries Ltd. Vs. Assistant Commissioner of Commercial Taxes Citation – W.P. No. 33963 of 2024 Court –Karnataka High Court Date – 18.06.2025 The Hon’ble Karnataka High Court has held that the unilateral debit of disputed interest from the electronic cash ledger, during the pendency of an appeal, is not permissible under Section 107(7)…